什么是Autobahn?
Autobahn是一个用于WebSocket和WAMP(Web Application Messaging Protocol)的Python库。WebSocket是一种网络通信协议,它允许在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信,而WAMP则是一种应用层协议,用于构建分布式应用。
为什么选择Autobahn?
选择Autobahn的原因有很多,包括但不限于以下几点:
-
高性能:Autobahn是为高性能设计的,它能够处理大量的并发连接。 -
跨平台:Autobahn支持多种操作系统,包括Windows、Linux和macOS。 -
易于使用:Autobahn提供了简单直观的API,使得开发者可以快速上手。 -
功能丰富:除了WebSocket和WAMP,Autobahn还支持其他高级功能,如TLS/SSL加密通信。
安装Autobahn
安装Autobahn非常简单,只需要通过pip安装即可:
pip install autobahn
基本的WebSocket通信
让我们从创建一个简单的WebSocket服务器和客户端开始。
WebSocket服务器
from autobahn.asyncio.websocket import WebSocketServerProtocol, WebSocketServerFactory
class MyServerProtocol(WebSocketServerProtocol):
def onConnect(self, request):
print("Client connecting: {0}".format(request.peer))
def onOpen(self):
print("WebSocket connection open.")
def onMessage(self, payload, isBinary):
if isBinary:
print("Binary message received: {0} bytes".format(len(payload)))
else:
print("Text message received: {0}".format(payload.decode('utf8')))
def onClose(self, wasClean, code, reason):
print("WebSocket connection closed: {0}".format(reason))
if __name__ == '__main__':
factory = WebSocketServerFactory("ws://localhost:9000")
factory.protocol = MyServerProtocol
from asyncio import get_event_loop
loop = get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(factory.start())
loop.run_forever()
WebSocket客户端
from autobahn.asyncio.websocket import WebSocketClientProtocol, WebSocketClientFactory
class MyClientProtocol(WebSocketClientProtocol):
def onConnect(self, response):
print("Server connected: {0}".format(response.peer))
def onOpen(self):
print("WebSocket connection open.")
self.sendMessage("Hello, server!".encode('utf8'))
def onMessage(self, payload, isBinary):
if isBinary:
print("Binary message received: {0} bytes".format(len(payload)))
else:
print("Text message received: {0}".format(payload.decode('utf8')))
def onClose(self, wasClean, code, reason):
print("WebSocket connection closed: {0}".format(reason))
if __name__ == '__main__':
factory = WebSocketClientFactory("ws://localhost:9000")
factory.protocol = MyClientProtocol
from asyncio import get_event_loop
loop = get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(factory.connect())
loop.run_forever()
使用WAMP进行高级通信
WAMP是WebSocket Application Messaging Protocol的缩写,它为WebSocket提供了一个消息传递层,使得应用可以发送和接收各种消息。
WAMP路由器
首先,我们需要设置一个WAMP路由器:
from autobahn.asyncio.wamp import ApplicationSession, ApplicationRunner
class MyComponent(ApplicationSession):
def onJoin(self, details):
print("Session {0} joined: {1}".format(details.session, details.authid))
if __name__ == '__main__':
runner = ApplicationRunner(url="ws://localhost:9000", realm="realm1")
runner.run(MyComponent)
WAMP客户端
然后,创建一个WAMP客户端,它将连接到路由器并注册一个远程过程调用(RPC):
from autobahn.asyncio.wamp import ApplicationSession, ApplicationRunner
class MyClientComponent(ApplicationSession):
def onJoin(self, details):
def add2(x, y):
print("add2() called with: {0}, {1}".format(x, y))
return x + y
self.register(add2, 'com.example.add2')
if __name__ == '__main__':
runner = ApplicationRunner(url="ws://localhost:9000", realm="realm1")
runner.run(MyClientComponent)
WAMP服务器
最后,创建一个WAMP服务器,它将调用客户端注册的RPC:
from autobahn.asyncio.wamp import ApplicationSession, ApplicationRunner
class MyServerComponent(ApplicationSession):
def onJoin(self, details):
print("Session {0} joined: {1}".format(details.session, details.authid))
def on_add2(x, y):
print("on_add2() called with: {0}, {1}".format(x, y))
return x + y
self.subscribe(on_add2, 'com.example.add2')
if __name__ == '__main__':
runner = ApplicationRunner(url="ws://localhost:9000", realm="realm1")
runner.run(MyServerComponent)
结论
Autobahn是一个强大的Python库,它不仅支持WebSocket通信,还支持WAMP协议,使得构建分布式应用变得更加简单。通过上述示例,我们可以看到如何使用Autobahn创建WebSocket服务器和客户端,以及如何使用WAMP进行高级通信。希望这篇文章能帮助你入门Autobahn,并在实际项目中应用它。
原文始发于微信公众号(跟着布布学Python):autobahn,一个牛逼的python库
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