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【SpringMVC】整合SSM框架

飞熊 • • 后端笔记 • 阅读 224

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导读：本篇文章讲解 【SpringMVC】整合SSM框架，希望对大家有帮助，欢迎收藏，转发！站点地址：www.bmabk.com，来源：原文

一、闲话

五一假期来咯，前段时间也不知道在瞎忙啥，没有来继续写博客

二、基本要点

在完成了Spring、Mybatis以及SpringMVC框架的学习之后，我们现在就尝试将三个框架做一个整合

我们以一个图书馆系统的增删查改为例子进行分析

1、环境搭建

首先我们创建一个t_decade_book表，将我们要查询的数据先放入

create table t_decade_book
(
	`book_id` int(10) not null AUTO_INCREMENT comment '书id',
	`book_name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL comment '书名',
	`book_count` int(10) NOT null comment '数量',
	`detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT null comment '描述',
	primary key (`book_id`) using BTREE
) ENGINE=INNODB CHARACTER set = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;


insert into t_decade_book (book_id,book_name,book_count,detail)
values(1,'Java从入门到秃头', 20, 'Java学习'),
(2,'数据库从删库到跑路', 20, '数据库学习'),
(3,'测试从入职到干架', 20, '测试脚本学习');

新建maven项目，引入需要用到的依赖，以及在build中配置resources，防止我们资源导出失败

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.decade</groupId>
    <artifactId>ssmbuild</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Mybatis-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--MySQL驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.27</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Junit-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.22</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Servlet JSP -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.13</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--在build中配置resources，来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>8</source>
                    <target>8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2、Mybatis层

首先我们要配置一个数据库配置文件db.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/decade_test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

然后编写mybatis核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.decade.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/decade/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

编写对应实体类Book.java

package com.decade.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Book {
    private int bookId;
    private String bookName;
    private int bookCount;
    private String detail;
}

service层，接口和对应实现类

package com.decade.service;

import com.decade.pojo.Book;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookService {

    int addBook(Book book);

    int updateBook(Book book);

    int deleteBook(int id);

    Book queryBookById(int id);

    List<Book> queryAllBook();

}

package com.decade.service;

import com.decade.dao.BookMapper;
import com.decade.pojo.Book;

import java.util.List;

public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{

    private BookMapper bookMapper;

	public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public int addBook(Book book) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(book);
    }

    @Override
    public int updateBook(Book book) {
        return bookMapper.updateBook(book);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteBook(int id) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBook(id);
    }

    @Override
    public Book queryBookById(int id) {
        return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Book> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }
}

和dao层

package com.decade.dao;

import com.decade.pojo.Book;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookMapper {

    int addBook(Book book);

    int updateBook(Book book);

    int deleteBook(@Param("bookId") int id);

    Book queryBookById(@Param("bookId") int id);

    List<Book> queryAllBook();
}

和对应的SQL映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.decade.dao.BookMapper">

    <resultMap id="bookMap" type="book">
        <result property="bookId" column="book_id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result property="bookCount" column="book_count" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result property="bookName" column="book_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result property="detail" column="detail" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="book">
        insert into t_decade_book(book_name, book_count, detail)
        values (#{bookName}, #{bookCount}, #{detail})
    </insert>

    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="book">
        update t_decade_book set book_name = #{bookName}, book_count = #{bookCount}, detail = #{detail}
        where book_id = #{bookId}
    </update>

    <delete id="deleteBook" parameterType="int">
        delete from t_decade_book where book_id = #{bookId}
    </delete>

    <select id="queryBookById" parameterType="int" resultMap="bookMap">
        select * from t_decade_book
        where book_id = #{bookId}
    </select>

    <select id="queryAllBook" resultMap="bookMap">
        select * from t_decade_book
    </select>

</mapper>

3、Spring层

参考之前的Spring整合Mybatis的博客 spring整合mybatis

创建spring-dao.xml来管理数据库连接信息，并绑定mybatis的配置文件mybatis-config.xml
这里我们使用c3p0连接数据库

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
    <!-- 1.关联数据库文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <!-- 配置数据库连接池，这里我们使用c3p0 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

        <!-- 默认为false，表示在连接关闭时，将所有未提交的操作回滚。设置为true，则在连接关闭时，会将操作进行提交 -->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
        <!-- 默认为15，表示连接池中任何时候可以存放的连接最大数量 -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="15"/>
        <!-- 默认为3，表示连接池中任何时候可以存放的连接最小数量 -->
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="3"/>
        <!-- 默认为0，单位为毫秒，表示当连接池中连接用完时，客户端调用getConnection获取连接等待的时间
        如果超时，则抛出SQLException异常。特殊值0表示无限期等待 -->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
        <!-- 	默认值为30，表示从数据库中获取新连接失败后，重复尝试的次数。
        如果将其设置为0或者小于0的数值，则C3P0将一直进行尝试获取连接 -->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 创建sqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 配置数据源 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!-- 绑定mybatis的配置文件 -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置dao接口扫描，动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory，这里的属性值只能是String类型，所以我们不能使用ref -->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <!-- 配置dao层接口的路径 -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.decade.dao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

然后我们在spring-service.xml中整合Service层

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--开启注解的支持，指定扫描这个包，这下面的注解就会生效 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.decade.service"/>

    <bean id="bookServiceImpl" class="com.decade.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <!-- 配置数据库连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

4、SpringMVC层

老样子，我们先让当前项目为web项目,然后配置web.xml

注意我们这里配置DispatcherServlet时，不要配置springmvc的配置文件，而是要配置下面声明的总的配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!-- 配置dispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DisPatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DisPatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 配置过滤器防止乱码 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- 配置session过期时间 -->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>

配置spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 开启自动扫描，让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.decade.controller"/>
    <!-- 支持mvc注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

最后我们整合一下配置，在applicationContext.xml中引入上述配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="spring/spring-service.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring/spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="spring/spring-mvc.xml"/>

</beans>

5、业务代码以及前端页面

首先我们完成controller层的代码，包括书籍的查询、新增、修改、删除相关的接口

package com.decade.controller;

import com.decade.pojo.Book;
import com.decade.service.BookServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/book")
public class BookController {

    @Autowired
    private BookServiceImpl bookService;

    /**
     * 跳转到展示所有图书信息页面
     * @param model model类
     * @return 跳转到展示所有图书信息页面
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/allBook")
    public String allBook(Model model) {
        List<Book> bookList = bookService.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("list", bookList);
        return "allBook";
    }

    /**
     * 跳转到新增书籍信息页面
     * @return 跳转到新增书籍信息页面
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/toAddBook")
    public String toAddBook() {
        return "addBook";
    }

    /**
     * 新增书籍信息
     * @param book 书籍信息
     * @return 新增完数据重定向到展示所有图书信息界面
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/addBook")
    public String addBook(Book book) {
        bookService.addBook(book);
        // 新增完数据重定向到展示所有图书信息界面
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

    /**
     * 跳转到书籍信息修改页面
     * @param model model类
     * @param id 书籍id
     * @return 跳转到书籍信息修改页面
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/toUpdateBook")
    public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) {
        Book book = bookService.queryBookById(id);
        model.addAttribute("book", book);
        return "updateBook";
    }

    /**
     * 更新书籍信息
     * @param book 书籍信息
     * @return 新增完数据重定向到展示所有图书信息界面
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/updateBook")
    public String updateBook(Book book) {
        bookService.updateBook(book);
        // 修改完数据重定向到展示所有图书信息界面
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }

    /**
     * 删除书籍信息
     * @param bookId 书籍信息
     * @return 删除完数据重定向到展示所有图书信息界面
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/delBook/{bookId}")
    public String delBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int bookId) {
        bookService.deleteBook(bookId);
        // 删除完数据重定向到展示所有图书信息界面
        return "redirect:/book/allBook";
    }
}

然后是相关的jsp页面，首先是首页index.jsp，我们只放置一个按钮，点击它查看所有书籍信息

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
  <title>首页</title>
  <style type="text/css">
    a {
      text-decoration: none;
      color: black;
      font-size: 18px;
    }
    h3 {
      width: 180px;
      height: 38px;
      margin: 100px auto;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 38px;
      background: deepskyblue;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

<h3>
  <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表页</a>
</h3>
</body>
</html>

展示所有书籍信息的页面allBook.jsp
${pageContext.request.contextPath}是JSP取得绝对路径的方法，等价于<%=request.getContextPath()%> 。
也就是取出部署的应用程序名或者是当前的项目名称

${requestScope.}获取request设置的属性值
requestScope通常是将某个变量或者对象在servlet或者action中通过request.setAttribute()方法放入到request对象中，然后在页面中使用requestScope来进行数据的显示的，获取方式如下：

${requestScope.xxx} 等价于<%=request.getAttribute(“xxx”)%>

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>书籍列表</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-4 column">
            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>书籍编号</th>
                    <th>书籍名字</th>
                    <th>书籍数量</th>
                    <th>书籍详情</th>
                    <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${book.getBookId()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getBookCount()}</td>
                        <td>${book.getDetail()}</td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookId()}">更改</a> |
                            <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/delBook/${book.getBookId()}">删除</a>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                </c:forEach>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

增加书籍页面addBook.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>

<html>
<head>
    <title>新增书籍</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>新增书籍</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post">
        书籍名称：<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br>
        书籍数量：<input type="text" name="bookCount"><br><br><br>
        书籍详情：<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br>
        <input type="submit" value="添加">
    </form>
</div>

修改书籍信息页面updateBook.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>修改信息</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row clearfix">
        <div class="col-md-12 column">
            <div class="page-header">
                <h1>
                    <small>修改信息</small>
                </h1>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="bookId" value="${book.getBookId()}"/>
        书籍名称：<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/>
        书籍数量：<input type="text" name="bookCount" value="${book.getBookCount()}"/>
        书籍详情：<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
    </form>
</div>

项目的目录结构如下
在这里插入图片描述

最后我们启动tomcat进行验证，效果如图
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

大家可以测试一下增删查改这些功能，如有错误或者问题，欢迎在评论区指出，谢谢！

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